Leah Johnson, COA
There are three layers of tears that moisturize the cornea: oil, water and mucous. The oil layer helps prevent evaporation. The water layer is responsible for moisturizing and the mucous layer spreads the tears evenly across the corneal surface. If any of these components are missing dryness symptoms can occur.
Dry eye can result from improper balance of tear production and drainage. Over the years, doctors have discovered that tear production can diminish with age. Windy and dry climates can also affect tear volume by increasing evaporation. Changes in hormones can also cause decreased tear production.
Symptoms of dryness include irritated, scratchy foreign body sensation in the eyes, burning, tearing, and an overall heavy and tired feeling. Often times dryness can cause fluctuation and blurred vision.
Activities we do that can cause Dry Eyes:
- Reading
- Watching television
- Computer work
- Driving with air condition
- Sleeping with a fan overhead
Certain medical conditions can cause or increase dry eye symptoms. These include rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, thyroid disease, menopause and pregnancy. Some medications can also cause dry eyes. These include antihistamines, anti-depressants, and blood pressure medications.
The primary goal of treating dry eyes is to restore normal tear production and reduce irritation. The standard treatments for dry eyes include over the counter artificial tear use. These can be used up to five times daily for moisture and comfort. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements are helpful for people who do not eat fish regularly. Omega-3 is helpful in developing good oil in the tear layer. Warm compresses and proper lid hygiene can help reduce allergens and oil build-up on the eyelids that can increase irritation and dryness in the eyes. Prescription medications such as RESTASIS® can also be prescribed if other methods prove ineffective.
Things that we can do on our own to help reduce dryness are increase humidity in your home and work space, wear sunglasses while driving to reduce exposure to wind and air conditioning, rest for 20 seconds every 20 minutes during computer or reading activities and drink plenty of water (8-10 glasses).